| Place | |
| Period | 17th century |
| Key figures | Rembrandt van Rijn • Johannes Vermeer • Bartholomeus van der Helst • Jan Steen • Willem van de Velde the Elder • Michiel de Ruyter • Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp • Hugo Grotius • René Descartes |
| Historical events | 80 Years' War (1568-1648) • Dutch Revolt (1568-1609) |
| Fields of influence | Maritime commerce • Art • Cultural prowess • Global trade • Philosophy • Science |
