| Period | Early modern |
| Super-states | United Kingdom of Spain • French Empire • German Union |
| Historical events | pan-European wars • pan-Asian wars |
| Corporate entities | Powerful and centralized |
| Effects on economy | Centralized control • Vast centralized bureaucracies |
| Industries affected | Steel manufacturing • Textile manufacturing |
| Origin of super-states | Rise of powerful centralized bureaucracies |
| Global economy characteristics | Integrated bilateral relationships • Between governments and corporations • Limited free market • Dominant multinational corporations per industry |
| Entrepreneurs and small businesses | Rare |
